A Moncton custom furniture maker opens her email on a Tuesday and finds a message from Shopify Payments: a reserve has been placed on her account. She has not missed a shipment. Her chargeback count is low. But her sales tripled during a spring promotion, a handful of customers have been waiting on made to order pieces and her refund rate ticked up. By Friday her payout is smaller than it has ever been, and she has supplier invoices due. A Shopify Payments reserve is a hold on part of your money, and most owners meet it for the first time when the deposit looks wrong. This guide sets out what Shopify's own pages say about reserves, what triggers one, the two types, how release works, how to appeal and how chargebacks fit in. It also gives you a cash flow calculator, an email checklist and a plan for the weeks while the hold runs.
Quick answer: A Shopify Payments reserve is a hold on part or all of your sales for a set period, to protect against losses from chargebacks and refunds. Shopify lists high chargeback activity, a higher refund rate, extended billing cycles, long delivery industries and big volume surges as risk factors. The two types are a fixed amount, such as 1,000 dollars held for 120 days, and a percentage, such as 10% held for 120 days. Terms arrive by email, some reserves can be appealed by replying within the period given, and a risk review can lift, keep, cut or raise the reserve before it expires.
This guide is for you if:
- You sell on Shopify in Canada with Shopify Payments and a reserve or a smaller than expected payout has appeared.
- You want to know how chargebacks lead to a Shopify Payments reserve and how to plan your cash.
- You want to know what to do in the weeks the reserve runs.
Last updated: 24 October 2026
Disclosure: ChargeFix publishes this guide and sells an app that helps with Shopify Payments disputes. ChargeFix cannot remove or shorten a reserve, because Shopify decides that. The Shopify rules come from Shopify's Help Center, listed at the end. Suggestions that are ours are marked as ours. This guide is general information and not legal advice, and where a source does not say, this guide says so rather than guess.
TL;DR
- A reserve is a temporary hold, not a fee and not a seizure. It is released at expiry unless extended.
- Shopify lists chargeback activity, refund rate, billing cycles, long delivery industries and volume surges as factors.
- Reserves come as a fixed amount or a percentage of each transaction, with an expiry date.
- Terms arrive by email. Some reserves can be appealed by reply within the stated period.
- Fewer disputes and refunds lower the risk, and a risk review can change the reserve before it expires.
Do this today
- Find the reserve email and write down the amount or percentage, the start date and the expiry date.
- Check whether the email invites an appeal or lists requirements for removal.
- Compute what the reserve takes from each payout.
- List every bill due in the next 60 days and compare it with the reduced payouts.
- Pick the one cause you can fix first: disputes, refunds or delivery delays.
The Shopify Payments reserve in one table
| Question | What Shopify says |
|---|---|
| What is it? | A hold on part or all of your sales for a set period |
| Why? | To protect against losses from chargebacks and refund volume |
| Does it stop sales? | Generally not, unless you are told otherwise |
| How do I learn the terms? | By email |
| Types | Fixed amount, or percentage of each transaction |
| Length | Each reserve has an expiry date; examples use 120 days; no standard length stated |
| Release | At expiry the amount goes into upcoming payouts; a risk review can change it earlier |
| Appeal | Reply to the email within its timeframe; some cannot be appealed |
What is a Shopify Payments reserve?
Shopify describes a reserve as a hold, for a set period, on some or all of the transactions processed through Shopify Payments. It exists to make sure funds are available for disputes and refunds, such as unfulfilled orders, damaged products or refund requests that are not processed. A reserve does not normally stop you from accepting payments unless Shopify tells you otherwise, and the terms are communicated by email (Shopify, Overview of reserves in Shopify Payments).
The key word is temporary, and it separates a Shopify Payments reserve from a fee. A reserve is your money, held back, with an end date. It is not a fee, and it is not a penalty in the sense of money lost.
| What a reserve is | What it is not |
|---|---|
| A short term hold on part of your payouts | A fee |
| Released at expiry unless extended | A permanent loss |
| Set by a risk assessment | A response to one dispute |
| Described in an email | A change to your fees |
How is a reserve different from a chargeback?
A chargeback takes a disputed amount and a fee from your next available payout, and you may win it back. A reserve holds part of your ordinary payouts to cover possible future losses, and it comes back at expiry. They are linked, because heavy chargebacks are a reason Shopify may apply a reserve, but they are different events. Our fee guide covers the chargeback fee, and our cost guide covers the full cost of one dispute.
Why does Shopify place a Shopify Payments reserve?
Shopify says a reserve may follow a risk assessment that considers several factors. The list on its reserves page is below, with our plain reading of each.
| Factor (Shopify's list) | Plain reading | Related guide |
|---|---|---|
| Extended billing cycles, such as annual subscriptions | Money is taken long before the service ends, so refunds may come later | Subscription chargebacks |
| High chargeback activity | Disputes are above what is normal for the account | Chargeback rate |
| Increased refund rate | More refunds than before | Refund before chargeback |
| Industries with extended delivery timelines, such as event organizers, custom orders and pre-orders | A long gap between payment and delivery | Pre-order and backorder |
| Significant volume surges | A sudden jump in sales | Black Friday and Boxing Day |
Shopify's page on a Shopify Payments reserve defines no chargeback rate and gives no threshold. Shopify's chargeback monitoring page says that when your rate becomes high, actions can include a reserve on payouts or enrolment in its network dispute resolution program, and that you may receive an account health notification (Shopify, Chargeback monitoring). Our program guide explains that program, which carries its own 10% reserve for a rate of 1.5% or higher over the last 90 days.
Can a Shopify Payments reserve appear with few chargebacks, and why does that matter?
Yes. The furniture maker in the opening had a low chargeback count, and her reserve followed a volume surge, a made to order delivery gap and a small rise in refunds. Chargebacks are one factor of several, so a reserve does not prove you have a dispute problem. It means the risk assessment saw something that could lead to refunds or disputes later.
What types of Shopify Payments reserve are there?
Shopify describes two types. The examples on its page use 120 days, and it does not state a standard length.
| Type | How it works | Shopify's example |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed amount | A specific sum is held for a defined period | 1,000 dollars held for 120 days |
| Percentage | A percentage of each transaction is held | 10% held for 120 days, with the other 90% paid out normally |
How each type feels in your payouts (illustrative, C$)
Monthly sales = C$24,000
Fixed amount reserve of C$5,000 for 120 days:
Held once, from the first payouts, until the C$5,000 is covered.
After that your payouts return to normal until expiry.
Percentage reserve of 10% for 120 days:
Held every month = C$2,400
Outstanding at once = about 4 months of holds = C$9,600
(each month's hold is released 120 days after it was taken)
The fixed type bites early and then fades. The percentage type bites every month and builds up. The outstanding figure for the percentage type is our own illustration of how holds stack over a 120 day period, not a figure from Shopify.
How does a Shopify Payments reserve change your cash flow?
Work out the monthly gap between what you earn and what you receive. Then compare it with what you owe.
Reserve cash flow calculator (adapt to your case)
M = monthly payouts before the reserve
p = reserve percentage (as a decimal)
D = days held
Held each month = M x p
Months of holds stacked = D / 30
Outstanding at steady state = M x p x (D / 30)
Example: M = 24,000, p = 0.10, D = 120
Held each month = 2,400
Outstanding = 2,400 x 4 = C$9,600
| Monthly payouts | Reserve at 5% | At 10% | At 15% |
|---|---|---|---|
| C$6,000 | C$300 a month | C$600 a month | C$900 a month |
| C$24,000 | C$1,200 a month | C$2,400 a month | C$3,600 a month |
| C$60,000 | C$3,000 a month | C$6,000 a month | C$9,000 a month |
The 5% and 15% columns are for comparison. Shopify's page gives 10% as its percentage example. Your own email sets the real figure.
| Outstanding for 120 days | At 5% | At 10% | At 15% |
|---|---|---|---|
| C$6,000 a month | C$1,200 | C$2,400 | C$3,600 |
| C$24,000 a month | C$4,800 | C$9,600 | C$14,400 |
| C$60,000 a month | C$12,000 | C$24,000 | C$36,000 |
Set the outstanding figure beside your stock orders, ad budget and supplier terms. If it exceeds your safety margin, you need a plan: slower ad spend, a stock order split in two, or a supplier payment term extended. Shopify's Canada payout page also tells you the baseline timing: a minimum settlement time of three days, banks typically taking 24 to 72 hours, no payouts on weekends or public holidays and no minimum payout amount (Shopify, Canada payments and pay periods).
How do you read a Shopify Payments reserve email?
Treat the email as a contract summary. Pull out six things before you react.
| Item | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Type and amount or percentage | Sets your monthly gap |
| Start date | Starts the clock |
| Expiry date | Tells you when release begins |
| Appeal window | Your deadline to reply |
| Requirements for removal, if listed | A path to lift it early |
| Contact route | Where your reply must go |
Reserve email extract (adapt to your case)
Received: [date]
Type: [fixed / percentage]
Amount or rate: [C$ / %]
Starts: [date]
Expires: [date]
Appeal by: [date, or "not appealable"]
Removal conditions: [list, or "none"]
Next review: [date, if stated]
Shopify's page says that to appeal you reply to the email within the timeframe it specifies, that some reserves cannot be appealed and that if the email lists requirements for removal instead of inviting an appeal, you cannot appeal by reply: the reserve is removed automatically once you meet those requirements.
What do you put in an appeal reply?
Facts, a cause, a change and a current number. Reviewers see many replies, and a short one is easier to act on.
Reply to a reserve email (adapt to your case)
Subject: Reserve notice dated [date], store [name]
What we think triggered it: [for example "sales tripled during our
spring promotion, and several made to order pieces had delivery dates
after the order date"].
What we have done: [for example "added delivery dates to the checkout
page, split the promotion over two weeks, issued two overdue refunds"].
Current position: [orders, disputes and refunds in the last 30 days,
with counts].
Records attached: [order timeline, delivery schedule, refund log].
We ask that the reserve be reviewed and reduced or lifted.
| Do | Do not |
|---|---|
| Reply inside the stated window | Wait to see if it goes away |
| Give counts and dates | Write "we are a good business" |
| Say what changed | Blame Shopify |
| Attach short records | Attach everything |
| Send one clear message | Send five |
How does release work for a Shopify Payments reserve?
Shopify describes two routes. At expiry, if no extension is needed, the reserved amount goes into upcoming payouts, and Shopify says this might take several business days to process. Before expiry, a risk review decides whether to lift, maintain, reduce or increase the reserve. An early release appears as a bulk positive reserve transaction, and at the original expiration date the original positive transactions are paid out along with equal negative reserve transactions.
| Route | What happens | What you can do |
|---|---|---|
| Expiry, no extension | Held money returns in later deposits | Watch your payout detail for the positive transactions |
| Early review | Reserve is lifted, kept, reduced or raised | Reply to any request, keep metrics low |
| Extension | Reserve continues | Read the new email; reply inside its window |
Release tracker (adapt to your case)
Reserve start: [date]
Original expiry: [date]
Held to date: C$[amount]
Expected release: C$[amount]
Release seen in payout: [date] amount C$[amount]
Gap (expected - seen): C$[ ]
If the release does not appear, check the payout detail for bulk positive and negative reserve lines, then write to Shopify Support once with your tracker. The page gives no day count for the release, so we will not give one.
How do chargebacks lead to a Shopify Payments reserve?
Chargebacks feed the risk assessment behind a Shopify Payments reserve in two ways. A rising count of disputes is one of the factors Shopify lists. And a high rate can trigger Shopify's network dispute resolution program, which carries a 10% reserve on payouts, with further reserves or holds possible if the 90 day rate stays above 1% after the first reserve expires. Shopify's monitoring page says winning a chargeback does not remove it from your rate, so winning alone does not lower the risk signal.
| Chargeback behaviour | Effect on the signal |
|---|---|
| More disputes opened | Pushes the rate up |
| Disputes won | Still count in the rate |
| Disputes resolved automatically | Count in the rate |
| Fewer disputes opened | Pulls the rate down |
Reserve risk check (adapt to your case)
90-day disputes (chargebacks + automatically resolved) = d
90-day eligible orders = n
Rate = d / n x 100
< 0.5% : calm
0.5% - 1.0% : watch weekly, fix the top reason
1.0% - 1.5% : act now; audit every dispute
>= 1.5% : program enrolment and a 10% reserve are possible
The bands are ours, built on the 1.5% and 1.00% lines in Shopify's program page. Our chargeback rate guide shows how to compute the number weekly.
How do you lower the risk of a Shopify Payments reserve through chargebacks?
Match the fix to the factor that applies to you. Shopify's monitoring page also suggests reviewing high-risk orders before fulfilment and submitting strong evidence before the deadline.
| Factor | Fix | Guide |
|---|---|---|
| Disputes | Prevention, then strong files | Chargeback audit |
| Refund rate | Fix the cause; issue refunds from the Shopify admin | Refund before chargeback |
| Delivery gaps | Show delivery dates; ship on time; message early | Pre-order and backorder |
| Long billing cycles | Clear terms; renewal reminders | Subscription chargebacks |
| Surges | Ramp promotions in steps; staff for fulfilment | Black Friday and Boxing Day |
| Dropship delays | Choose reliable suppliers | Dropshipping chargebacks |
| Carrier disruption | Message customers; keep proof | Canada Post strike |
Shopify Payments includes some evidence by itself where available, but a strong file adds the narrative and outside records. Our guide to what evidence to submit shows how to build one, and our dispute decision time guide shows what the wait holds.
What should you do with your business while a Shopify Payments reserve runs?
Treat it as a cash planning problem with a date on it. Four steps cover most of it.
| Step | What to do |
|---|---|
| 1 | Write the reserve into your cash forecast with its dates |
| 2 | Time stock orders and ad spend around the reduced payouts |
| 3 | Keep disputes, refunds and delays low so the review has good news |
| 4 | Log what you changed so your reply to any review is factual |
60-day cash view (adapt to your case)
Week Sales Held Payout Bills Gap
1 6,000 600 5,400 3,000 +2,400
2 5,200 520 4,680 6,500 -1,820
3 6,400 640 5,760 2,000 +3,760
4 5,000 500 4,500 7,800 -3,300
Four week total = about +C$1,040, but week 4 alone is short
by C$3,300 unless bills move or stock is split.
The figures are invented to show the layout. The useful habit is to build the view weekly, so a shortfall shows up before the bill does. Our negative balance guide covers what happens when debits exceed your balance.
How does ChargeFix help with a Shopify Payments reserve and chargebacks?
We want to be plain about the limit. ChargeFix cannot lift or shorten a reserve, and it cannot change a Shopify risk review. What it can do is help with the dispute side of the signal.
- Dispute fetched. ChargeFix fetches the chargeback when it opens, so the reason, amount and due date are on one list.
- Records read. It reads the order, addresses, fulfilment and tracking data, and the refund history.
- Evidence scored. It flags what is present and what is missing, with a plain verdict: worth fighting, improve the evidence first or weak evidence.
- Letter from facts. The response is drafted only from verified facts, so it will not claim a delivery, a message or a policy your records do not show.
- Your choice of mode. ChargeFix prepares each response in Manual mode, which is the default. You review and file it, or let Auto mode handle them. Auto mode is on Starter plans and above, off until you turn it on and confirm.
ChargeFix handles Shopify Payments disputes only. It cannot promise a win, and a win does not remove a chargeback from your rate. It stores minimal data: case ID, amount, reason, status, dates and shop settings. The free plan includes 2 filings a month, and every paid plan starts with a 14 day free trial.
What dated plan keeps a Shopify Payments reserve short?
| Day | What you do | Done when |
|---|---|---|
| Day 0 | Read the email; fill the extract | Dates and terms noted |
| Day 0 | Check for an appeal window | Deadline in your calendar |
| Day 1 | Build the 60 day cash view | Shortfall weeks marked |
| Day 2 | Compute your 90 day dispute rate | Number written |
| Day 3 | Find the top cause and its fix | One fix chosen |
| Day 5 | Send an appeal reply, if allowed | Sent inside the window |
| Day 7 | Make the fix | Done |
| Day 30 | Recheck the rate and the cash view | Compared |
| Day 60 | Recheck; look for any review email | Noted |
| Expiry | Watch payouts for the release | Release matched to tracker |
What does a Shopify Payments reserve look like in a real month?
Three short cases show how a Shopify Payments reserve can reach very different shops, and why a Shopify Payments reserve and chargebacks are not always connected. The numbers are invented to show the pattern.
| Shop | What changed | Likely factor | First move |
|---|---|---|---|
| Custom furniture, Moncton | Sales tripled; made to order lead times of 8 weeks | Volume surge and long delivery | Show lead times at checkout; stagger promotions |
| Supplement subscription, Calgary | Annual plans pushed at checkout | Extended billing cycle | Add renewal reminders; make cancellation easy |
| Dropship gadgets, Toronto | Eleven disputes in 90 days on 700 orders | High chargeback activity | Audit each dispute; fix the top reason |
The lesson is that a Shopify Payments reserve describes risk, and that Shopify Payments reserve chargebacks are only one input, and the useful question is which factor you can change. Our dropshipping guide and subscription guide cover the second and third shops in depth. For the furniture maker, our furniture guide shows how to document long lead times so customers do not feel ignored.
How do you build a Shopify Payments reserve cash flow buffer?
A reserve cash flow buffer is the cash you keep aside so a held payout never forces a late supplier payment. Start with the outstanding figure from the calculator above, then add the next two bills that fall due before expiry.
Buffer rule of thumb (our own, adapt to your case)
Buffer = outstanding reserve x 0.25 + next two supplier bills
Example: outstanding C$9,600, bills C$3,000 and C$6,500
Buffer = 2,400 + 9,500 = C$11,900 of cash or credit room
The 0.25 factor is a judgment call: it assumes you can survive a quarter of the held money being late. Raise it if your margins are thin. If you cannot reach the buffer, move the stock order, ask a supplier for longer terms, or trim ad spend, and our cost per order guide shows what each dispute really costs you.
Does a Shopify Payments reserve hurt your customers or your chargebacks?
Not directly. Shopify's reserves page says checkout keeps working unless you are told otherwise. The effect is on your own cash flow, which is why the planning above matters more than any change to the storefront.
How do you track Shopify Payments reserve chargebacks and held money together?
Keep one sheet for Shopify Payments reserve chargebacks, with two columns side by side: money held under the Shopify Payments reserve, and money moved by chargebacks (amounts debited, fees, wins credited back). When the two move together you can see whether chargebacks drive the hold. When they do not, look at refunds and delivery gaps instead.
| Week | Held by reserve | Chargeback debits | Chargeback wins credited | Net movement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | C$600 | C$180 | C$0 | -C$780 |
| 2 | C$520 | C$0 | C$165 | -C$355 |
| 3 | C$640 | C$95 | C$0 | -C$735 |
Our guide to a negative balance explains why debits can leave a payout smaller than you expect, and the fee refund guide shows how to trace a returned fee.
What is different about a Shopify Payments reserve in Canada?
| Topic | What applies in Canada | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| Payout timing | Minimum settlement of 3 days; banks add 24 to 72 hours | Add this to your cash view |
| Weekends and holidays | No payouts on weekends or public holidays | Plan bills around payout days |
| Minimum payout | None in Canada | Small amounts still pay out |
| Chargeback fee | C$15 or US$15, returned only on a win | See the fee refund guide |
| Program fee | C$15 or US$15 on each automatically resolved dispute | See the program guide |
| Complaints | Shopify Payments (Canada) acknowledges within 5 business days and decides in writing within 45 days | Raise a complaint with your processor first |
| Oversight | The Financial Consumer Agency of Canada supervises the Code of Conduct but does not decide individual disputes | A complaint does not lift a reserve |
| Shopify Protect | US stores only | It does not cover Canadian stores |
Switching payout schedules. Shopify's Canada page says changing your schedule delays pending payouts until the next applicable date under the new schedule, and advises against frequent changes. Do not change the schedule in the middle of a reserve unless you have to.
Where to complain. Shopify Payments (Canada) acknowledges a complaint within 5 business days and gives a final written decision within 45 days, per its complaint handling terms. A complaint is a separate route from an appeal reply, and it does not change a reserve or a due date.
What are the 10 mistakes to avoid with a Shopify Payments reserve?
- Ignoring the email. The terms and any appeal window are in it.
- Missing the appeal deadline. The reply must come inside the stated period.
- Calling it a fee. It is a temporary hold with an expiry date.
- Assuming chargebacks are the only cause. Refunds, billing cycles, delivery gaps and surges count too.
- Skipping the cash view. A shortfall week arrives before the release does.
- Changing payout schedules mid hold. It delays pending payouts.
- Opening a second account. It risks worse trouble.
- Assuming a win lowers the rate. Winning does not remove a chargeback from it.
- Sending Support five messages. Send one with the tracker.
- Forgetting to log the fix. A factual log makes the next review easier.
Frequently asked questions
What is a Shopify Payments reserve?
It is a hold, for a fixed period, on part or all of the sales processed through Shopify Payments. Shopify says it protects against losses from chargebacks and refund volume. A reserve does not normally block sales, and the terms arrive by email with an expiry date.
Why did Shopify put a reserve on my account?
Shopify says a reserve may follow a risk assessment considering extended billing cycles, high chargeback activity, an increased refund rate, industries with long delivery timelines such as custom orders and pre-orders, and significant volume surges. The email gives your terms, but it may not spell out which factor applied, so review each one.
How long does a Shopify Payments reserve last?
Each reserve has an expiry date, and Shopify's examples use 120 days, but its page states no standard length. Before expiry, a risk review decides whether to lift, maintain, reduce or increase the reserve. Once the term ends without an extension, your held money returns in later deposits over several business days.
Can I appeal a Shopify Payments reserve?
Sometimes. Shopify says to reply to the reserve email within the timeframe it specifies. Some reserves cannot be appealed, and if the email lists requirements for removal, the reserve is removed automatically once you meet them. Give counts, a cause, a change you made and your current numbers.
How much money will the reserve hold?
It depends on the type. A fixed amount holds a specific sum for a defined period, while a percentage holds a share of each transaction, for example 10% held for 120 days with 90% paid out normally. Multiply your monthly payouts by the percentage to see the monthly hold.
Do chargebacks cause a reserve?
They can contribute. Shopify lists high chargeback activity among the risk factors, and says a high rate can lead to a reserve or enrolment in its network dispute resolution program, which carries a 10% reserve. Refunds, billing cycles, delivery delays and volume surges are other factors, so chargebacks are not the only cause.
Does winning a chargeback lower my reserve risk?
Not by itself. Shopify's monitoring page says winning a chargeback does not remove it from your rate. Winning recovers the amount and the fee for that case, but the dispute still counts, so lowering the risk means opening fewer disputes, not only winning more.
What happens to the held money at the end?
When the term ends and nothing extends it, the held money flows back into later deposits, and Shopify says this might take several business days. An early release shows as a bulk positive reserve transaction in your payout detail. If it does not appear, write once to Shopify Support with your tracker.
Should I change my payout schedule during a reserve?
Avoid it unless you must. Shopify's Canada page says changing your schedule delays any pending payouts until the next applicable date under the new schedule, and it advises against frequent changes. Plan your cash around the existing schedule and the reserve instead.
How does ChargeFix help with a Shopify Payments reserve?
ChargeFix cannot lift or shorten a reserve, but it fetches each dispute, reads your order and tracking data, scores the evidence and drafts the letter from verified facts, so you fight winnable cases well while you fix the cause of the rest. In Manual mode, the default, each response waits for you.
Start free trial with ChargeFix
You now have Shopify's account of what a reserve is, the factors behind one, the two types, a cash calculator, an email checklist, an appeal template and a plan for the weeks the hold runs. The honest limit is that a reserve is Shopify's decision, so the work you control is lowering disputes and refunds and planning your cash. ChargeFix fetches the dispute, reads your Shopify order data, shows what is missing and writes the response from verified facts. Manual mode keeps the filing with you, and Auto mode is there if you turn it on.
The free plan includes 2 filings every month, and every paid plan starts with a 14 day free trial. There is no cut of what you win, and no contract.
Ready to keep disputes low so a Shopify Payments reserve never lands, or ends sooner? Start free trial
Sources
- Shopify Help Center, "Overview of reserves in Shopify Payments"
- Shopify Help Center, "Chargeback monitoring"
- Shopify Help Center, "Network dispute resolution programs"
- Shopify Help Center, "Accepting payments and understanding pay periods with Shopify Payments in Canada"
- Shopify Help Center, "Responding to chargebacks and inquiries"
- Shopify Payments (Canada), "Code of Conduct complaint handling"
- ChargeFix, "chargefix.pro"
- Stripe, How disputes work: further reading on the dispute process from another payments provider
- Adyen, Manage disputes: further reading on how another payment provider handles disputes
01Fees and money
02Dispute process
03Chargeback guides
04Dispute reasons
05Fees and money
06Account risk