Jewellery chargebacks: how UK Shopify stores protect luxury and high-value pieces

A £740.00 necklace is delivered on Wednesday, worn on Saturday and returned on Tuesday with a note saying "not the quality I expected". Three weeks later the bank writes: the cardholder says the item was not as described. You have a beautiful product page, a certificate in a drawer and no photograph of the piece before it was boxed.

Jewellery chargebacks are card disputes over jewellery, watches and other luxury goods sold online, usually because the cardholder says the piece was not as described, was not authentic, did not arrive, came back without a refund or was never ordered. This guide shows UK Shopify merchants how to prevent jewellery chargebacks, document each piece so you can prove what was sent, choose delivery proof that fits the value and respond to each reason on the notice, with templates, worked sums and a day-by-day plan.

Last updated: 9 October 2026. Written by the ChargeFix team.

The 30-second answer (TL;DR)

• Jewellery chargebacks carry high values and subjective judgements. "Not as described" is the most common risk, because quality, colour and size are seen by eye, so close-up photographs and plain product descriptions do much of the preventing.
• Document each piece at dispatch to prevent jewellery chargebacks: a photograph, the weight, any serial or reference number and the certificate or authenticity card if one exists. Without that, a swapped-item or "fake" claim becomes your word against theirs.
• Choose delivery proof by value. A signature or a photo at the door is the strongest answer to item not received. Royal Mail captures a photo on delivery for Tracked 24 and Tracked 48 where no signature is needed. Compensation and insurance limits differ by service and were not covered in the sources we reviewed.
• Gifts create their own luxury goods disputes, because the buyer is not the recipient. Tell the buyer how a gift return works before the order, not after.
• UK rules give most distance buyers 14 days to cancel and a refund within 14 days of you getting the goods back or evidence of return. Rules on hallmarking and on exceptions for made-to-order pieces were not covered in the sources we reviewed, so ask an adviser.
• Shopify gives you 7 to 21 days to respond, and the card review can take up to 75 days after you submit. Winning does not remove a dispute from your chargeback rate.
• General information, not legal advice. Where the sources we reviewed do not cover something, the post says so.

From dispute to decision

Stage	What happens	What you do	What you keep
Product page	Buyer reads the description	Show close-up photos, materials, size and care	Dated page capture
Order	Buyer pays	Check the order against the card and address	Order data
Dispatch	You pack and ship	Photograph and weigh the piece, record any reference number	Dispatch notes, photos
Delivery	Parcel arrives or does not	Use signature or photo proof	Carrier proof of delivery
Complaint	Buyer says wrong, poor or missing	Reply the same day, offer a route	Messages, offers
Return	Piece comes back	Photograph, weigh and compare with dispatch	Dated inspection record
Dispute notice	Bank or Shopify tells you	Note the reason and due date	The notice
Response	You submit evidence	Answer the stated reason, strongest first	Dated copy of the response

What causes jewellery chargebacks?

Jewellery chargebacks come from a gap between what the buyer imagined and what arrived, from delivery problems, from fraud on high-value goods and from refund friction. Quality, colour, size and authenticity are judged by eye, which is why close-up photos and clear descriptions matter so much.

Jewellery sits in a tricky place, and jewellery chargebacks reflect it. The price is high, the item is small and easy to resell, the buyer is often emotionally invested and the product is often a gift. Each of these raises the stakes on a dispute.

Cause	What the buyer says	What it looks like on the notice
Description	"It is not as it looked online"	Not as described
Authenticity	"I think it is not genuine"	Not as described, or counterfeit
Size or fit	"The ring does not fit"	A return and refund matter
Condition	"It arrived scratched or tarnished"	Defective or not as described
Delivery	"It never arrived"	Item not received
Refund	"I returned it and have no refund"	Credit not processed
Unrecognised charge	"I did not place this order"	Fraud

The general process is in our Shopify chargebacks UK guide. This post covers what is different when the goods are small, precious and personal.

A word on tone. A buyer who doubts the authenticity of a piece may be genuinely worried, or may have been advised by a third party. Do not take offence, and do not accuse. Present the facts: what you described, what you sent and how you can show it. A calm, documented answer is more persuasive than a defensive one.

How do you prevent jewellery chargebacks with a clear product page and hallmark checks?

Describe the materials plainly, give exact dimensions, show the piece close up and on a person, explain how it is made and how to care for it, and say what comes with it. Clear information reduces "not as described" claims and gives you a dated record of what you promised.

Prevention is the cheapest part of managing jewellery chargebacks, and luxury goods disputes ease when the page is exact. A product page for jewellery has to work harder than most, because the buyer cannot hold the piece.

Page element	What to include	Why it helps
Materials	Metal, plating, stone type and whether natural or lab-grown	Avoids disputes about what the piece is made of
Dimensions	Length, width, drop, ring size range, weight	Sets size expectations
Photographs	Close-ups, scale shots, on a model, natural light	Reduces "looks different" claims
Colour note	Screens differ, with a description in words	Prevents colour disputes
What is included	Box, pouch, certificate, authenticity card	Answers "something was missing"
Care	Cleaning, storage, what to avoid	Reduces "tarnished" and "scratched" claims
Returns	Link to your policy, including gifts and sized pieces	Shows the terms

On materials and marking, be careful. The rules on hallmarking and on how precious metals must be described were not covered in the sources we reviewed, so we do not set out what is required. Ask an adviser before you publish a claim such as "solid gold" or "sterling silver", and keep supplier paperwork for each batch.

Use this checklist when you publish or update a jewellery product:

• Are the materials described exactly, including plating and stone origin?
• Are the dimensions and weight given?
• Are there close-up, scale and on-body photographs?
• Is the colour described in words as well as photographed?
• Does the page say what comes in the box?
• Is the care advice visible?
• Does the page link to your returns policy, including gifts?
• Have I saved a dated capture of the page?

The dated capture is the item merchants forget. Pages change, photos are replaced and descriptions are edited. If the buyer says the page promised something, a dated capture of the page as it was on the order date settles the question in seconds.

What dispatch record should you keep for each piece?

Keep a photograph of the exact piece, its weight, any reference or serial number, any certificate or authenticity card, a photo of it in the box, and the carrier details. These records answer swapped-item, authenticity and condition claims, and they show you sent the right piece.

A dispatch record is the single most useful habit for jewellery chargebacks and luxury goods disputes. The goods are small, so a short record carries a lot of weight.

Record	What to capture	Why it matters
Piece photograph	The exact item, front and back, with scale	Shows condition at dispatch
Weight	Weighed on a scale, in grams	Allows comparison on return
Reference or serial	Any engraving, reference or stock number	Links this piece to this order
Certificate or card	Copy of any certificate or authenticity card	Supports authenticity claims
Box and packaging photo	The piece packed, with the label visible	Shows what was sent
Carrier and tracking	Service and number	Links to delivery proof
Packed date and packer	Date and initials	Shows who handled it

Here is a short record you can copy into the order timeline:

DISPATCH RECORD
Order: [NUMBER]
Piece: [NAME, METAL, STONE, SIZE]
Reference / serial: [NUMBER]
Weight: [GRAMS]
Certificate or card included: [YES / NO, NUMBER]
Photos saved: [YES / NO]
Packed: [DATE] by [NAME]
Carrier and service: [NAME / SERVICE]
Tracking: [NUMBER]
Delivery proof: [SIGNATURE / PHOTO / SCAN]

Weighing is a small habit with a large payoff. If a piece comes back and the weight differs, you have a number to discuss. Be careful how you use it: scales vary, and a difference may have an innocent cause. State the figures and ask, do not accuse.

Certificates deserve a note. A certificate from a grading laboratory or a supplier is evidence of a stone or metal. It is not proof that the piece sent matches it. Match the certificate number to the piece on your dispatch record, and keep a copy. Whether a certificate carries weight with a card reviewer was not covered in the sources we reviewed, so treat it as supporting evidence, not as the answer.

Which delivery proof fits a jewellery parcel, and is insured delivery enough?

Use a service that gives a signature or a photo at the door, and keep the proof. Tracking shows that a parcel moved. A signature or photograph shows where it ended up. The higher the value, the stronger the proof you should choose.

Item not received is the dispute that good proof wins, and it is the costliest of the jewellery chargebacks. A small parcel of high value is a target for theft in transit and for claims of non-delivery.

Proof	What it shows	Notes
Tracking scan to the address	The parcel was delivered to a location	Weakest if the buyer says it never arrived
Photo on delivery	A photo of the parcel at the address	Royal Mail captures a photo on delivery for Tracked 24 and Tracked 48 where no signature is needed
Digital signature	A signature or name from the recipient	Evri offers a Digital Signature add-on, at 60p when we checked, and the price may change
Insured delivery	Compensation if lost, depending on the service	Limits and conditions were not covered in the sources we reviewed
DPD proof options	Not verified	We have not verified DPD's proof options

Our guide to proof of delivery for Shopify chargebacks explains what each kind of proof shows and what to attach.

Insurance is a separate question from proof. Insurance may pay you if a parcel is lost. It does not answer a dispute where the carrier says the parcel was delivered. Choose a service for both reasons, and read the terms for the compensation limit before you rely on them. We did not review the compensation limits for any carrier.

Set a value threshold and apply it evenly, for example signature or insured delivery for pieces above £300.00. Tell buyers at checkout. A signature protects you but can annoy buyers who are out, so test the effect on conversion.

How do you handle gift purchases without creating disputes?

Tell the buyer, before the order, how gift returns work: who can return, how long they have, whether the recipient can exchange, and how the refund reaches the buyer. Offer a gift receipt without prices. Clear terms prevent the common dispute where the buyer, the recipient and the card are three different people.

A large share of jewellery is bought as a gift, so gifts shape many jewellery chargebacks. That adds complications, because the person who paid is not the person who opens the parcel, and the recipient may want a different size or style.

Situation	Risk	What helps
Buyer ships to a recipient	Delivery proof matters more	Signature or photo, the recipient's name on the order
Recipient wants a different size	Return comes from someone who did not pay	Exchange route, gift receipt, clear terms
Gift arrives after the occasion	Buyer says it was late	Dated estimated delivery on the page and in the email
Buyer disputes after the gift is refused	Refund timing is unclear	Say how refunds work and to whom
Gift message or note is wrong	Description dispute	Record the message at order

Dates matter for gifts. A buyer who orders on Friday 29 January 2027 for Valentine's Day on Sunday 14 February 2027 expects the piece well before that date. Show a dated delivery estimate on the page and in the confirmation, and send a note if it slips. Our shipping and delivery policy template covers how to word delivery estimates.

Offer an exchange first where you can. A recipient who wants a different size usually wants the piece, not a refund. A resize or swap keeps the sale and avoids the bank. Write the exchange terms plainly and apply them evenly.

For refunds, say who receives them. UK rules give most distance buyers a refund within 14 days of you getting the goods back or evidence of return, and the refund normally goes to the person who paid. A recipient who returns a gift cannot normally be refunded in cash by you without the buyer's agreement. Say how it works in your terms, and ask an adviser if the arrangement is unusual.

How do you inspect a returned piece so you can prove its condition?

Inspect the same day, photograph the piece front and back, weigh it, compare the weight and any reference number with your dispatch record, check for marks, and write a short note. If the piece is not the one you sent, state the difference factually and take advice before you decide.

Returns are where jewellery chargebacks are won or lost, and luxury goods disputes often start with a return. A piece that comes back worn, damaged or different needs a record.

Use this checklist for every return:

• Photograph the sealed return parcel with its label.
• Photograph the piece front and back, with scale.
• Weigh it and note the figure.
• Compare the reference or serial number and the weight with the dispatch record.
• Check clasps, settings, stones and finish, and photograph any marks.
• Check that any certificate or card is included.
• Note the date, time and who inspected it.
• Save the photos under the order number.

An inspection note helps. Here is one you can keep in the order timeline:

RETURN INSPECTION
Order: [NUMBER]
Received: [DATE], [TIME]
Inspected by: [NAME]
Piece matches reference: [YES / NO]
Weight at dispatch: [GRAMS]   Weight now: [GRAMS]
Condition: [UNWORN / TRIED ON / MARKED / DAMAGED]
Marks or damage: [DESCRIPTION]
Certificate or card included: [YES / NO]
Photos saved: [NUMBER] in [FOLDER]
Decision: [FULL REFUND / PARTIAL REFUND / EXCHANGE]
Refund sent: [DATE]

The 14-day refund clock does not wait for your backlog. A buyer who posts a return on Monday 12 October 2026 has given evidence of return that day, and the latest refund date under the 14-day rule is Monday 26 October 2026. A partial refund sent late invites a dispute for the whole amount.

If the piece shows wear, scratches or damage beyond what a try-on explains, read our post on used or worn goods returns. It covers how to explain a deduction and respond if the buyer disputes it. We did not review the exact rule on reduced value after handling, so ask an adviser before you deduct.

What evidence answers each reason in jewellery chargebacks?

Match the pack to the reason in jewellery chargebacks. Not as described needs the dated page, close-up photos and the dispatch photo and weight. Item not received needs signature or photo proof. Fraud needs the order data and the delivery address match. Credit not processed needs the refund record. Put the strongest exhibit first.

Shopify's help centre says Shopify Payments auto-fills order, addresses, tracking, IP, refund records, order history and previous disputes on the response form. Screenshots are preferred, labelled, strongest first. The jewellery-specific proof is yours to add.

Reason on the notice	Strongest evidence	Supporting evidence
Not as described	Dated product page, close-up photos, dispatch photo and weight	Certificate copy, messages, return inspection
Authenticity doubt	Supplier paperwork, certificate matched to the piece, dispatch notes	Product page materials description
Item not received	Signature or photo proof at the order address	Tracking emails, address on the order
Fraud	3D Secure result, delivery to the verified address	AVS and IP details, order history
Credit not processed	Refund confirmation with date and amount	Return tracking, policy

Here is a template summary for a not as described dispute on a piece of jewellery:

Order [NUMBER], £[AMOUNT], placed [DATE], paid by [CARD TYPE].

Reason shown: not as described.

The product page on the order date described the piece as [MATERIALS], [DIMENSIONS], with [PHOTOGRAPHS] (exhibit 1, page captured [DATE]). The order confirmation lists [PIECE AND SIZE] (exhibit 2).

On [DATE] we photographed and weighed the piece before dispatch: [WEIGHT] (exhibit 3). It was delivered on [DATE] to the address on the order with [SIGNATURE / PHOTO] (exhibit 4). The buyer contacted us on [DATE] to say [SUMMARY]. We replied on [DATE] and offered [EXCHANGE / REFUND / RETURN] (exhibit 5).

Keep claims in jewellery chargebacks to what the exhibits show. If the buyer doubts authenticity, say what you described and what documents you hold, and avoid commenting on the buyer's motives. Whether a reviewer values a certificate or a supplier invoice is not covered in the sources we reviewed, so attach both if you have them and keep the account short.

Do 3D Secure and order checks help with jewellery chargebacks?

Yes, for fraud claims in jewellery chargebacks. 3D Secure shifts liability for fraudulent chargebacks only, so it does not help with item not received, not as described or authenticity disputes. A Visa fraud threshold of $7,500 a month can lose the shift. Order checks reduce fraud before you ship.

Jewellery chargebacks often involve fraud, because jewellery is a classic target for stolen-card orders, because it is valuable, small and easy to resell. A short check on large orders is cheap.

Signal	Why it matters	Suggested action
Billing and shipping addresses differ	Common in gifts, also in stolen-card orders	Check the order and contact the buyer if unsure
Address check (AVS) fails	The card's billing address does not match	Hold and check
New customer, large order, express shipping	A pattern that deserves a look	Hold for a quick review
Request to change the address after ordering	Common in fraud, also in genuine moves	Verify before changing

Gifts make mismatched addresses normal, so do not treat every mismatch as suspicious. Contact the buyer politely: "Before we dispatch, we check some larger orders. Please confirm the delivery address and the name on the card." Keep the messages. We did not review how Shopify's fraud analysis scores orders, so use the information your payment provider shows on the order.

The Merchant Risk Council reports a VAMP threshold of 1.5% from 1 April 2026. Winning does not remove a dispute from the chargeback rate, so prevention matters more than winning.

Quick rules for jewellery chargebacks

Keep these near your desk. They sum up how to run jewellery chargebacks and luxury goods disputes with a short, repeatable routine.

1. Describe materials exactly, photograph close up and capture the page with a date.
2. Photograph, weigh and record the reference of every piece at dispatch.
3. Use signature or photo proof above a value threshold, and tell buyers at checkout.
4. Tell gift buyers how returns and refunds work before they order.
5. Inspect every return the same day, compare weight and reference, and write the note.
6. Refund inside your promise and inside 14 days of receipt or evidence of return.
7. Do not accuse the buyer. State the facts and the figures, and let the reviewer decide.
8. Log every dispute, including wins, and review jewellery chargebacks monthly.

If the notice says	First action
Not as described	Pull the dated page, close-up photos and the dispatch photo
Item not received	Pull the signature or photo proof
Fraud	Pull the 3D Secure result and the address match
Credit not processed	Pull the refund record
Authenticity doubt	Pull the supplier paperwork and certificate match

How much do jewellery chargebacks cost? Two worked examples

Jewellery chargebacks cost the lost sale, the £10 fee when you lose, the piece if it is not recovered and your time. Records and delivery proof cost a few minutes and a small fee. The examples below use invented numbers, so run them with your own.

Both examples are illustrations with invented numbers. The arithmetic is checked.

Example 1: close-up photos and dispatch records. A store sends 180 orders a year at an average of £450.00. Not as described disputes run at 5 a year. Without dispatch records it loses 3 of them. With dated page captures, dispatch photos and weights, it loses 1. A lost case costs the £450.00 sale and the £10.00 fee, with the piece not recovered. The records take 5 minutes an order, with time valued at £25.00 an hour.

Item	Without records	With records
Disputes a year	5	5
Cases lost	3	1
Cost per lost case	£460.00	£460.00
Loss from lost cases	3 × £460.00 = £1,380.00	1 × £460.00 = £460.00
Record-keeping time	£0.00	180 × 5 minutes = 900 minutes = 15 hours, 15 × £25.00 = £375.00
Total a year	£1,380.00	£835.00

The records save £545.00 a year on these invented numbers, and fewer lost jewellery chargebacks, after paying for the time. The sums leave out the value of avoiding stress and of staying lower in your chargeback rate.

Example 2: insured, signed delivery on larger pieces. A store sends 60 orders a year above £300.00, with an average value of £700.00. Without signature or insured delivery, item not received disputes run at 3 a year and 2 are lost. With it, there is 1 dispute and none is lost. A lost case costs the £700.00 sale and the £10.00 fee. The upgrade costs £6.50 a parcel, which is an invented figure, so check your carrier's price.

Item	Without upgrade	With upgrade
Disputes a year	3	1
Cases lost	2	0
Cost per lost case	£710.00	£710.00
Loss from lost cases	2 × £710.00 = £1,420.00	0 × £710.00 = £0.00
Upgrade cost	£0.00	60 × £6.50 = £390.00
Total a year	£1,420.00	£390.00

The upgrade saves £1,030.00 a year on these numbers. The sums ignore any lost conversions from buyers who dislike signing.

Day-by-day plan: set up a jewellery chargebacks routine in a week

You can have a sound routine for jewellery chargebacks in a week, an hour or two a day. The plan covers the product page, the dispatch record, delivery proof, gift terms and the return inspection.

Day	Task	Output
Day 1	Audit your top five product pages against the checklist	A list of gaps
Day 2	Add materials, dimensions, close-ups and care advice	Updated pages
Day 3	Capture each page with a date and save it	A page archive
Day 4	Create the dispatch record, with weighing and a photo step	A dispatch template
Day 5	Set a value threshold for signature or insured delivery	A written delivery rule
Day 6	Write the gift terms and the return inspection note	Two templates
Day 7	Test the routine on an old order from start to finish	A tested routine

Our chargeback SOP for small teams shows how to give each step an owner and a backup. Add the dispatch and return inspection steps to it, so they happen even when the usual person is away.

What's different for UK merchants

This section is general information, not legal advice.

• Cancellation: the Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013 give most distance buyers 14 days to cancel, with a refund due within 14 days of getting the goods back or evidence of return. The buyer pays return costs only if told beforehand, and risk passes to the buyer on delivery.
• Made-to-order and personalised pieces: the exceptions to the cancellation right were not verified in the extracts we reviewed. Ask an adviser before you refuse a return. Our post on personalised goods covers the practical side.
• Hallmarking and descriptions of precious metals: not covered in the sources we reviewed. Ask an adviser.
• Jewellery chargebacks: MoneyHelper describes chargeback as a voluntary card-scheme arrangement, usually claimed within 120 days.
• Section 75: for credit card purchases between £100 and £30,000, the card company is jointly liable with the merchant. UK Finance gives a six-year time limit, which matters for higher-priced jewellery.
• Fees: on jewellery chargebacks Shopify's UK fee for card chargebacks is £10, charged by your bank and returned if you win.
• 3D Secure: shifts liability for fraudulent chargebacks only. Visa's fraud threshold of $7,500 a month can lose the shift.
• Chargeback rate: winning does not remove a dispute from the rate. The Merchant Risk Council reports a VAMP threshold of 1.5% from 1 April 2026.
• Shopify Protect: it covers eligible US stores on Shop Pay orders and does not cover UK stores.
• Weekends and bank holidays: we did not verify how they affect due dates. Respond early.

Common mistakes in jewellery chargebacks

1. Making jewellery chargebacks easier to lose by describing materials loosely, such as "gold" for a plated piece.
2. Using one polished photograph and no close-ups or scale shots.
3. Failing to photograph and weigh a piece before it ships.
4. Relying on a tracking scan as the only proof of delivery on a high-value parcel.
5. Having no gift terms, so the buyer, the recipient and the card holder are in different places when a return arrives.
6. Accusing a buyer of swapping an item instead of stating the facts and the weights.
7. Assuming insurance answers a dispute, when it only pays if the parcel is lost.
8. Refunding without emailing the buyer the date and the amount.

FAQ

What are jewellery chargebacks?

Jewellery chargebacks are card disputes over jewellery, watches and luxury goods, usually because the cardholder says the piece was not as described, not authentic, not delivered, not refunded or not ordered. Match your evidence to the reason on the notice and keep your account short and factual.

How do I reduce jewellery chargebacks?

Describe materials exactly, show close-ups and scale, and capture the page with a date. Photograph and weigh each piece at dispatch, use signature or photo proof on higher-value parcels, set clear gift terms and refund quickly with an email giving the date and amount.

What evidence wins a not as described dispute on jewellery?

A dated capture of the product page, close-up photos, the order confirmation, your dispatch photo and weight, any certificate matched to the piece, delivery proof and your messages with the buyer. Answer the stated reason in the first lines and put the strongest exhibit first.

What if a buyer doubts a piece is genuine?

Stay calm and do not accuse. State what you described, show the supplier paperwork and any certificate matched to the piece, and offer a return and refund under your policy if appropriate. Rules on hallmarking and descriptions were not covered in the sources we reviewed, so ask an adviser.

Does insurance protect me from jewellery chargebacks?

Insurance pays if a parcel is lost. It does not answer a dispute where the carrier shows the parcel delivered. Choose a service for both reasons, read the compensation limits before relying on them and keep signature or photo proof. We did not review any carrier's limits.

What proof of delivery is best for jewellery?

A signature or a photo at the delivery address, plus the tracking record. Royal Mail captures a photo on delivery for Tracked 24 and Tracked 48 where no signature is needed. Evri offers a Digital Signature add-on at 60p when we checked. We have not verified DPD's proof options.

How should I handle returns of gifts?

Tell the buyer before the order how gift returns work: who can return, how long they have, whether the recipient can exchange and how the refund reaches the buyer. Offer a gift receipt without prices. Refunds normally go to the person who paid, so say how it works in your terms.

How long do I have to refund a jewellery return?

Under the Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013, most distance buyers must be refunded within 14 days of you getting the goods back or evidence of return. Many stores promise sooner. A refund sent late is a common cause of a credit not processed dispute.

Do jewellery chargebacks count against my chargeback rate?

Yes. Winning does not remove a dispute from the rate, so every case counts even when you win it. The Merchant Risk Council reports a VAMP threshold of 1.5% from 1 April 2026, and Visa's fraud threshold of $7,500 a month can lose the liability shift. Prevention protects both your margin and your standing.

Does Shopify Protect cover jewellery chargebacks in the UK?

No. Shopify Protect is for eligible US stores on Shop Pay orders and does not cover UK stores. Shopify's help centre says Shopify is not liable for chargebacks, so you respond with evidence. Your protection is your page, your dispatch photos and your delivery proof.

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Sources

• Shopify Help Center: Chargebacks and inquiries
• UK Finance: Chargeback and Section 75
• legislation.gov.uk: Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013, explanatory note
• Stripe, Best practices for preventing fraud: further reading on stopping disputes before they start
• Adyen, Manage disputes: further reading on how another payment provider handles disputes